The Effects of Oxaliplatin Genotoxicity on Human Lymphocytes Free Essay Example, 3750 words

It has been amply indicated that the primary mechanism of cell death induced by platinum compounds is through the formation of DNA adducts (Almeida et a. l, 2005; Hah et al. , 2007; Boysen et al. , 2009). These DNA adducts are comprised of intrastrand and interstrand crosslinks that result from covalent bonding between the platinum atom and DNA bases (Hah et al. , 2007). The ability of a modified alkaline Comet assay was investigated to measure the crosslinks that are induced by oxaliplatin. For this, 50 M H2O2 was used with the consideration that it would strongly induce strand and double strand breaks, and the reduced detection of these breaks would serve to identify the action of a cross-linking agent. It was demonstrated that DNA breaks were reduced in presence of cross-links. REF Hence, lymphocytes were pre-treated in vitro with different concentrations of oxaliplatin to induce cross-links in order to decrease the H2O2-induced DNA migration with the Comet assay. Our data showe d that an inverse relation exists between the increased concentration of oxaliplatin-induced DNA crosslinks and H2O2-induced DNA migration as measured by decreased OTM (Figure 1). We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects of Oxaliplatin Genotoxicity on Human Lymphocytes or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page Specifically, oxaliplatin was shown to form 1,2-GG intrastrand DNA crosslinks (Malina et al. , 2007).

Strategic Management for Sabmiller Individual Coursework...

CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction..............................................................................................................................3 2.0 Strategic position (SWOT, PEST and PORTER)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...................................................................3 3.0 Implications of future (BCG, Ansoff and Stakeholders) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦............................................................................5 3.1 Consumption of beer...............................................................................................................5 3.2 Growing economies.................................................................................................................6 3.3 Highly competitive†¦show more content†¦castle lager in south Africa, snow in china and Miller Genuine and Perone Nastro. Also it rationalise its Brand portfolio in USA 50 to 12. SABMiller’s trading strategy reflects according to the report that it has ability to get success in the developing economies, where earnings are in the soft currencies and growth potential is more due to lack of competition in less penetrated market (i.e. most of the Europe). SABMiller usually operates in countries with rising per capita spending, as well as with growing Gross Domestic Product higher than the world average. E.g. China little market share but marvellous development potential SABMiller’s management structure is decentralised type of management structure, its helps SABMiller to synergies its operations (i.e. local suppliers,) in different countries. It helps to give buyers local nature of beer brands. Also helps in reduction in its distribution costs. SABMiller mangers have got the good reputation in the global market that they are resourcefulness and have ability to work in poor infrastructure more effectively. i.e. as they got success in growing economies. . Fragmented brewing in Asia, Africa and much of Europe is relatively positive for SABMiller because of small scale supplier and localized breweries, which is profitable and fast expanding. SABMiller is currently established in the markets which are

Development and Analysis †Case study Free Essays

The case study is about the challenge in the classroom in my working experience. It is about two twin boys who were in my class, whereby I was the class teacher. The boys were really bullies, rude, lazy and very abusive. We will write a custom essay sample on Development and Analysis – Case study or any similar topic only for you Order Now They used to abuse me, their teacher, other teachers and the other pupils. These boys really stressed me to a point that I was not even concentrating in what I was supposed to do. The father of the twins was a member of the school board and taking complaints to him all the time about the bad behaviors of the boys could cost me my job. The twins could interrupt many learning sessions by making noise, abusing and beating other children, and even saying that if I report them to their father, nothing could be done as he was a member of the board. The behaviors of the twins affected the other children who went home and told their parents about it. The parents responded by calling me and coming personally to school to complain on how the twins are affecting their children from learning and how the class teacher and the school management had been unable to contain twins. The case was challenging to my career and was degrading the name and status of the school in general. A quick and faster action had to be taken to contain the situation. Decisions had to be made whether for better or for worse since a lasting solution was needed. The boys had to be counseled and their behaviors modeled and at the same time the pupils in my class had to be counseled. The best solution for this was to apply the behavioral modeling to the twins whereby model looks closely at the behaviors of the victims, by going back by collecting data on their behavioral history. The behavioral modeling is meant to assess at the behavioral patterns of an individual from the past and relate to them to the present, know why individual is behaving in that strange manners, whether the causes for the behavior change could be the family, environment, the friends, the workplace or the community and then look for strategies that can assist in correcting the behavior and was done in the following ways; a) Initiating a session-the counselor should first initiate a session for discussion. He/she should introduce him/herself to the twins so that they could be aware of who they are going to discuss with. The initial rapport will determine on how the discussion will flow. The counselor should tell the twins what he/she expects from them and the boys should be given time to decide if they will be willing to talk but should be given options. b) Isolation- the twins should be isolated from other children. The counselors should in isolation with the twins study their behaviors and know what is really happening. He/she should dig deep into the past history of the twins, the behaviors of the family and the circumstances that have made them to behave like so. This information can only be gotten from the twins when they alone with the counselor whereby they have the freedom of expressing themselves freely. When victims of the same circumstance are mixed with people of the same problem it becomes very difficult to get information from them because those who are with them may influence their answering to the questions asked. Isolation does not mean that the twins should be completely isolated from other children or the family but put in isolation when talking to the counselor. The counselor must also make sure that the isolation process does not affect the twins but improves their concentration during the discussion exercise. c) Find out about the historical background of the family/ information gathering- the consultant should critically look at the behavioral patterns of the twins’ family before making conclusions. Are there other members of the same family who are still in school and have the same behavior? The counselor should find out whether if the had been counseled previously and if there was any impact. It will be necessary to know the behavioral patterns of their parents and then relate them to those of their children. d) Show the paternal and maternal love-the counselor should at his/her level best the paternal and maternal love to the twins. The twins may be missing the love and attention of the one or both parents, and this has made the twins to become uncontrollable as there is no one to control them and show them love and affection. Every person needs the love of both parents to grow and develop normally and if the twins are missing the love and absence of their father or mother or both of them, their mind set and behavior will change. e) Become closer to the boy- the counselor should develop a very close relationship with the twins. He/she should make sure that the twins are comfortable with him/her all the time they will be spending together. The counselor should not be sympathetic to the twins as this will worsen the situation but should make sure that they understand that what they are doing is wrong and they should be ready to change their behaviors so that they will be able to interact and mix freely with the rest of the other children. They should be told that their behaviors are affecting the whole class and that parents of the other children are complaining of their behaviors. The counselor should also involve the friends of the twins to find out more about the twins behavior when they are together. The friends should be encouraged to talk to them on changing their behavior pattern and they should at the same time tell them the consequences of their bad behavior in a friendlier manner. If the twins feel that they are insecure when they are being counseled, they should be taken to a place of their choice, but should be given options or else they will dictate the situation. This will give them more freedom to express themselves and will build confidence and trust between them and the counselor. The consultant must also involve the family members who should be urged to become closer to the twins. The parents should be told Without any fear of the bad behaviors of their children and how this has had a negative impact to the other children and to the school. The family members and friends should play a bigger role in modeling the behavior of the boys through being closer and talking positively to them on how good behaviors and manners come with good rewards. Having gone through all these steps, the twins in their minds will be in a position to condemn their bad behaviors and see the need to reform for the better. Behavioral change is a long term process which needs a lot of patience and perseverance. The above actions will help solve this crisis and also create a good learning environment for the other children and at the same time ease my work as the class teacher. How to cite Development and Analysis – Case study, Free Case study samples